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Chapter 5 (Windows Operating System)

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  What is Windows Operating System? An operating system is a software that acts as a bridge between computer hardware and the user . Without an operating system, a computer cannot function properly. Windows OS allows you to: Open and run programs like MS Word, Excel, and Paint. Browse the internet and watch videos. Play games and use educational software. Manage files, folders, and data easily. The Windows OS interface is simple and interactive, making it perfect for beginners and students. 2. Elements of Windows OS Here are the main parts of the Windows interface: Desktop The desktop is the main screen you see after turning on your computer. It contains icons for files, folders, and programs. You can place shortcuts on the desktop for quick access. Taskbar The taskbar is at the bottom of the screen. It shows open programs and includes the Start button and system tray . Start Menu The Start menu gives you access to all progr...
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  Computer Virus and It's Remedy (Chapter 11) Introduction A computer virus is a harmful program that can enter a computer without permission. It can damage files, slow down the computer, and sometimes even delete important information. Just like human viruses make people sick, computer viruses make computers sick. Symptoms of a Computer Virus A computer may have a virus if: It becomes slow suddenly. Files get deleted or changed automatically. Strange messages or pop-ups appear on the screen. Programs take a long time to open. The computer hangs or restarts again and again. Sources of a Computer Virus Computer viruses can enter through: Pen drives or USB drives Internet downloads Email attachments Pirated software Infected websites Reasons for Creating Computer Viruses People create viruses for different reasons: To steal information To destroy data To disturb computer systems To earn money illegally For fun or ex...
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Social Media and Education

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  Introduction😇 Social media has become an important part of modern education. It connects teachers, students, and institutions in new and interactive ways. Platforms like YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn are now used not only for entertainment but also for sharing knowledge, tutorials, and educational content . Through social media, students can access online lectures, join study groups, ask questions, and share ideas . Teachers can communicate with students , upload materials, and even conduct virtual classes. It promotes collaboration and creativity , making learning more engaging and fun. However, there are also some drawbacks . Too much use of social media can lead to distraction, misinformation, and reduced concentration . Therefore, it is important to use social media wisely — as a tool for learning rather than only for entertainment. In today’s digital era, social media has become an inseparable part of our daily lives — and education is no exception. Plat...
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Pedagogy Wheel and It's Importance in Education

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Introduction   The Pedagogy Wheel , created by Allan Carrington, is a comprehensive model that helps educators design effective learning experiences by combining pedagogy, learning outcomes, and technology . At its core, the wheel is built around Bloom’s Taxonomy , which organizes learning into six levels—remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. The Pedagogy Wheel links these levels with teaching strategies, graduate attributes, and digital tools, making it a practical guide for modern classrooms. Fig1.Pedagogy Wheel Importance Of Pedagogy Wheel In Education The Pedagogy Wheel plays an important role in improving teaching and learning by combining pedagogy, learning outcomes, and technology. Its greatest importance is that it reminds educators to put learning goals first . Instead of starting with digital tools, teachers are encouraged to begin with clear objectives and teaching strategies, then choose technologies that support those goals. This e...
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System Development Life Cycle(SDLC)

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    System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)  Introduction The  System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)  is a systematic process used to develop information systems or software solutions. It provides a structured approach to planning, creating, testing, deploying, and maintaining information systems. Each phase has specific goals and deliverables, ensuring that projects meet business needs and are delivered efficiently.                                                                             Fig.1 SDLC Steps Of SDLC : 1. Planning Phase The first phase in the SDLC is the  planning phase . It serves as the foundation for the entire project. During this phase, the problem or opportunity is identified, and business needs are analyzed. Organizations evaluate whether a new system ...
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